Jan 21, 2020 responsibility for development, implementation and coordination of biological control program is shared by the three core functional areas of aphis ppq. Worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts. Chemical, cultural, physical and biological methods, and use of plant. Morphtaxonomic analyses of 2009 aphid collections were carried out and the aphid was identified as aphis craccivora koch commonly called cowpea aphid.
Maruca testulalis geyer and pod sucking bugs are commonly encountered and are of economic. Aphis craccivora cowpea aphid identification, images. Borung were obtained by a manual crossing procedure described by thoquet. Aphididae on cowpeavigna unguiculata, fabaceae article pdf available in acta biologica colombiana 203. Evaluation of etoxazole against insects and acari in.
Pdf morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis. Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid. Field and laboratory studies in eastern uganda confirmed the effectiveness of syrphus ribesti as a potential biological control agent of aphis craccivora on cowpea munyuli et al. Although outbreaks of this pest occur annually in thailand causing heavy damage, its genetic structure and demographic history are poorly understood. Brady cm, asplen mk, desneux n, heimpel ge, hopper kr, linnen cr, oliver km, wulff ja, white ja.
Department of agriculture usda for more than 100 years. Host odour preference of 405 olfactory response of cowpea. Biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid aphis. Shortest generation time 12kb pdf generation time is the time needed to complete one generation. Since economic thresholds have been developed for individual species, proper aphid. The performance of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Aphis craccivora is the most important insect pest of cowpea and. Overall, observed facultative symbiont prevalence in a. There were two significant associations between facultative symbiont and aphid food plant. Media in category aphis craccivorathe following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. Pdf biology and ecology of aphis gossypii homoptera. Colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure the cowpea aphid performance.
Like the vast majority of potyviruses, av1 is transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by insects of the order hemiptera, family aphididae. Aphis craccivora koch, has become a pest of alfalfa and has been found colonizing cotton in californias san joaquin valley. Camv was acquired and inoculated by its vector during brief probes, confirming that it is non. It includes many notorious agricultural pests, such as the soybean aphid aphis glycines. Evaluation and utilization of cowpea vigna unguiculata l.
The following are ranked with the pesticides having the greatest ipm value listed firstthe most effective and least harmful to natural enemies, honey bees, and the environment are at the top of the table. Cowpea aphid on alfalfauc pest management guidelines. Aphis craccivora, crop pest, entomopathogenic fungi, median lethal concentration introduction cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch is a threat to cowpea growers in all over the country. Acyrthosiphon pisum, to a selection of novel biorational insecticides using an artificial diet. Pdf new sources of aphids aphis craccivora koch resistance in. Nov 15, 20 the role of facultative symbionts in this process remains to be determined. This species is found in medics, vetch and a wide range of summer and winter pulse crops throughout australia. The book on ladybirds by hodek and honek 1996, majerus 1994, klausnitzer and klausnitzer 1997 and dixon 2000 gave excellent general accounts and coverage of extensive literature. During the spring season on the hibiscus plants in our backyard, we find this aphid. The cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, koch is a key pest of the crop. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. In recent years, many new physical and biological control methods have been developed that favor the environment and beneficial organisms, such as biological control organisms, organic insecticides, and physical and horticultural activities.
In the tropics it is exclusively anholocyclic, with only females winged and wingless normally encountered, and parthenogenetic reproduction occurring throughout the year. Two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. The behavior of aphis gossypii and aphis craccivora. The damage and bionomics of the aphid are briefly introduced. Cowpea aphids are shiny black with white and black legs. Morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis craccivora hemiptera. Studies on the capability of cheilomenes lunata fabricius.
Aphis craccivora initially infests cowpea seedlings, but as this plant. Morphtaxonomic analyses of 2009 aphid collections were carried out and the aphid was identified as aphis craccivora koch. You can modify these specifications at any time by clicking the change items displayed button in the header. Description, biology, life cycle, damage, common names, images d. Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora family aphididae this page contains pictures and information about cowpea aphids that we found in the brisbane area, queensland, australia. Vegetables are a leading economic crop, and insects and acari have important impacts on yield and quality. Media in category aphis the following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. The published works on ecology have been supplemented with a small number.
Aphis craccivora koch basf colony and damage on bean to read this page in french. Cowpea, vigna unguiculata was infested at the young, mid. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The biology and thermal requirements of the fennel aphid hyadaphis. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Damage to a few of these crops is due to direct feeding, but for most of these crops its impact is through its role as a virus vector. Pdf biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea.
Originally of probable palearctic origin, it is now an invasive species of cosmopolitan distribution. Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora click for html version summary. Radcliffe, abdelaziz lagnaoui, in potato biology and biotechnology, 2007. Both nymphs and adults suck plant sap and cause serious damage right from the seedling to pod bearing stage. Aphis craccivora, variously known as the cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid or black legume aphid, is a true bug in the family aphididae. More than 100 field pests of cowpea vigna unguiculata l. The behavior of aphis gossypii and aphis craccivora hemiptera. Aphis craccivora is a vector of several viruses including broad bean mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and groundnut rosette virus. Worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are.
The bionomy and ecology of aphis craccivora on robinia pseudoacacia was studied. The number of generations per year was determined, as well the lifespan of a generation and fecundity of the females. The production is, however, greatly hampered by severe infestation and damage by insect pests including the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. Biology of groundnut aphid, aphis craccivora koch on cowpea, vigna unguiculata linnaeus walpers. Germplasm for varietal improvement of resistance to cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch.
Cowpea aphid, black legume aphid, groundnut aphid distribution. Facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. Ecology and biology of arthropods in the southern far east. Worldwide in distribution, but particularly common in warm temperate and tropical regions. Pdf this study sought to identify new sources of resistance to cowpea aphids cpa using molecular and phenotypic approaches and the. Effects of groundnut crop density on the population dynamics of aphis craccivora koch hemiptera, aphididae in malawi volume 66 issue 2 j. Aphis craccivora initially infests cowpea seedlings, but as this plant develops, it may infest flowers and pods berberet et al. Aphid colony, body length 12mm this aphid is known as cowpea aphids or cow pea aphids. Aphis craccivora oxford academic journals oxford university press. Colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure. Walpers, is a major dietary staple in tropical africa where it is most often cultivated. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Within a few days, nymphs mature into reproductive adults and.
The biology of resistance to cpa in sa30199 plants was. Aphis craccivora a polyphagous aphid species with a preference for fabaceae. Aphididae, is one of the most destructive insect pests of legume plants worldwide. Aphis craccivora koch in medicago truncatula bmc plant biology. Genetic structure of the aphis craccivora hemiptera. Cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch ilse schreiner, ph. Amaresh abstract cowpea, vigna unguiculata, is an important food crop in many tropical regions. Effects of groundnut crop density on the population dynamics of. The effect of pod growth stages in cowpea on aphid.
Sep 16, 2014 neem azalf as an inhibitor of growth and reproduction in the cowpea aphid aphis craccivora koch. Aphis is a genus of insects in the family aphididae containing at least 600 species of aphids. Proceedings of biology of the academy of sciences of tajik ssr 454. This page was last edited on 19 december 2019, at 19. Mar 24, 2020 established in 1972, the animal and plant health inspection service aphis is a relatively new agency, but much of the important work that falls under its mission today has been the responsibility of the u. Its feeding causes leaf shriveling and bud deformation and as the population increases, plant infested become weaked due to loss of sap and toxins injected silva et al. Cowpea aphid, groundnut aphid references originnal reference references links. Aphis gossypii glover is a destructive pest of over two dozen crops world wide. The cowpea aphid on cotton is easily confused with cotton aphid, a. The identification and characterization of this novel resistance locus to cpa.
Eggs develop within the mother and nymphs are born live. This is your first entry to the taxa hierarchy display. The main species of aphids attacking beans are aphis fabae scopoli and aphis craccivora koch. Pdf the bionomy and ecology of aphis craccivora on robinia pseudoacacia was studied. Olfactory response of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch, to host odours and population of conspecifics j. Morphology, biology and behavioral aspects of aphis craccivora he. Study on the effectiveness of pesticides against cowpea aphid.